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According to Mark Saul, the director of competitions for the Mathematical Association of America, not a single African-American or hispanic student—and only a handful of girls—has ever made it to the Math Olympiad team in its 50 years of existence.
2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Many schools simply don't prioritize academic competitions.
2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Most of the training for advanced-math competitions happens outside the confines of the normal school day.
2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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One of the largest feeders for high school math competitions—including those that eventually lead to the IMO— is a middle school program called Math Counts.
2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Students attend after-school clubs, summer camps, online forums and classes and university-based "math circles," to prepare for the competitions.
2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Students join a team through their schools, which provide a volunteer coach and pay a nominal fee to send students to regional and state competitions.
2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Teachers in low-income urban and rural areas with no history of participating in math competitions may not know about advanced-math opportunities like Math Counts—and those who do may not have support or feel trained to lead them.
2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B