child是什么意思？

A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married couple, is a wish for children.

Do you know where a mule comes from? It is the child of a donkey and a horse.

may be better at solving puzzlescan memorize things with more easemay have greater facility in abstract reasoningcan put what they have learnt into more effective usefind ways to slow down our mental declinefind ways to boost our memoriesunderstand the complex process of mental functioningunderstand the relation between physical and mental healthThe most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children.

When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.

What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education?It should cater to the needs of individual children.

Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.

The third grade is critical to children's development.

The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children.

Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the child's schooling.

Parents regard it as the first phase of children's development.

Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life spans.

Mothers' influence on children may last longer than fathers'.

It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues related to educating a child.

For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door.

For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children.

Children's personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.

But what effect does your personality have on your longevity ( ' , 长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in.

An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted -86 living ( ' , even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home.

When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough.

We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning.

The mastery-oriented children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work.

Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating ( ' , 令人生畏); they offer opportunities to learn.

Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.

In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine.

How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work.

Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.

Despite being unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.

Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems.

You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division.

Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.

When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurant business.

What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.

To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure in learning—to see school as source of joy.

To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.

The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills.

The more difficult a child's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom.

The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification ( ' , 快乐 ) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.

So I've watched a lot of children—talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young.

Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally.

Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.

In the so-called effective schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.

In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions.

I have visited some of the newer supposedly effective schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.

Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.

Even as a satire ( ' , 讽刺 ), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture.

Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.

But you can't force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning.

Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard.

Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.

Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.

A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.

A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.

He had a terrible temper, and once threatened to kill another child.

Dozens of children at a Utah elementary school had their lunch trays snatched away from them before they could take a bite this week.

Dozens of children at a Utah elementary school had their lunch trays snatched away from them before they could take a bite this week.

A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth.

At follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a "whole child" approach to schooling that respects "social-emotional development" and "deep and meaningful learning" over academics alone.

Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either 1783 or 1784, a young Careme was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution.

El niño, Spanish for "the child", occurs when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm.

If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult."

If parents and children share interests and values and agree on child rearing practices and religious 33 commitment, they are likely to enjoy each other's company.

In a recent art assignment, a middle school student depicted an overburdened child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather than an A+, on a math exam.

Long before television cooking shows, Careme walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them to "try this for yourself, at home" as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.

Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk?

Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.

To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure in learning — to see school as source of joy.

When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, "That's enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!" The child will immediately test your claim.

Your child may have started on a new journey but your work is far from finished.

Yet later on, the more affluent children end up in college and on the way to the middle class, while working-class children tend to struggle.

Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will naturally thrive, and give them far greater independence and time for free play.

Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to adults.

Working-class children are happier, more independent, complain less and are closer to family members, Ms.

Will parents be damaging children if they have one fewer organized activity? No, I really doubt it.

White parents are more likely than others to read to their children daily, as are married parents.

While rich parents are more concerned with their children's psychological well-being, poor parents are more worried about their children's safety.

While bullying is parents' greatest concern over all, nearly half of low-income parents worry their child will get shot, compared with one-fifth of high-income parents.

Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.

Wealthy parents are concerned about their children's mental health and busy schedules.

They try to develop their skills through close supervision and organized activities, and teach children to question authority figures and navigate elite institutions.

They are more worried about their children being depressed or anxious.

They are more likely to grow up in neighborhoods that their parents say aren't great for raising children, and their parents worry about them getting shot, beaten up or in trouble with the law.

There is no best parenting style or philosophy, researchers say, and across income groups, 92% of parents say they are doing a good job at raising their children.

There are usually two parents, who spend a lot of time reading to children and worrying about their anxiety levels and hectic schedules.

The lives of children from rich and poor American families look more different than ever before.

The increasing differences in child rearing between rich and poor families reflect growing social inequality.

The cycle continues: Poorer parents have less time and fewer resources to invest in their children, which can leave children less prepared for school and work, which leads to lower earnings.

The class differences in child rearing are growing—a symptom of widening inequality with far-reaching consequences.

The achievement gap between children from high- and lowincome families is 30-40% larger among children born in 2001 than those born 25 years earlier, according to Mr.

Some socioeconomic differences in child rearing have shrunk in the past ten years.

Social scientists say the differences arise in part because low-income parents have less money to spend on music class or preschool, and less flexible schedules to take children to museums or attend school events.

Public policies aimed at young children have helped, including public preschool programs and reading initiatives.

Parents of advanced-math students and MathCounts coaches say the children are on the website constantly.

Of families earning more than $75,000 a year, 84% say their children have participated in organized sports over the past year, 64% have done volunteer work and 62% have taken lessons in music, dance or art.

Of families earning less than $30,000, 59% of children have done sports, 37% have volunteered and 41 % have taken arts classes.

Nonetheless, 20% of well-off parents say their children's schedules are too hectic, compared with 8% of poorer parents.

Nearly half of high-earning, college-graduate parents enrolled their children in arts classes before they were 5, compared with one-fifth of low-income, lesseducated parents.

Ms.Lareau doesn't believe participating in fewer after-class activities will negatively affect children's development.

Most affluent parents enroll their children in preschool or day care, while low-income parents are more likely to depend on family members.

Most American parents say they are not concerned about their children's grades as long as they work hard.

More than a quarter of children live in single-parent households—a historic high, according to Pew—and these children are three times as likely to live in poverty as those who live with married parents.

Middle-class and higher-income parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life.

Less-educated parents, and poorer and black and Latino parents are more likely to believe that there is no such thing as too much involvement in a child's education.

It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African children.

In the past decade, even as income inequality has grown, some of the socioeconomic differences in parenting, like reading to children and going to libraries, have narrowed.

In the Pew survey, middle-class families earning between $30,000 and $75,000 a year fell right between working-class and high-earning parents on issues like the quality of their neighborhood for raising children, participation in extracurricular activities and involvement in their children's education.

In poor families, meanwhile, children tend to spend their time at home or with extended family.

Higher-income children are more likely to declare boredom and expect their parents to solve their problems.

High-earning parents are much more likely to say they live in a good neighborhood for raising children.

For example, the United Nations Children's Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El Ni o ( ' , 厄尔尼诺) weather phenomenon in decades.

Extracurricular activities reflect the differences in child rearing in the Pew survey, which was of a nationally representative sample of 1,807 parents.

Especially in affluent families, children start young.

Early childhood experiences can be very consequential for children's long-term social, emotional and cognitive development, said Sean Reardon, professor of poverty and inequality in education at Stanford University.

Do some strategies give children more advantages than others in institutions? Probably they do.

Do all parents want the most success for their children? Absolutely, she said.

Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22% of those with a high school degree or less.

Different upbringings set children on different paths and can deepen socioeconomic divisions, especially because education is strongly linked to earnings.

Children were not always raised so differently.

Children grow up learning the skills to succeed in their socioeconomic stratum（ 阶层） but not necessarily others.

Children from higher-income families are likely to have the skills to navigate bureaucracies and succeed in schools and workplaces, Ms.

But 50% of poor parents say it is extremely important to them that their children earn a college degree, compared with 39% of wealthier parents.

Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children bigger vocabularies and better reading comprehension in school.

American parents, whether rich or poor, have similar expectations of their children despite different ways of parenting.

American parents want similar things for their children, the Pew report and past research have found: for them to be healthy and happy, honest and ethical, caring and compassionate.

Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, anything goes mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.

The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children.

Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.

Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it's as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.

Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year.

A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes.

Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now.

Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child’s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years.

From a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others.

But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences: not for the child,but for the mother.

Working parents say they feel stressed, tired, rushed and short on quality time with their children, friends and partners.

MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the 118 power to regulate for plain packaging.

The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for children.

Now there’s a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity, especially a professional athlete can be in influencing children’s behavior.

It’s no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children’s eating behaviors, but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children’s environment.

If children are turning to athletes as role models, it’s in their best interest if their idols are consistent.

And in 2010, the researchers reported that children aged 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.

have placed religious beliefs above party politicshave bridged the gap between the rich and the pooroffer poor children more chances to climb the social laddersuffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregationFamily structure.

So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the single strongest correlate of upward mobility.

Per-capita local government spendingIn other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending—which may stand for good schools— are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.

More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called preparation for future learning.

It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.

Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation.

It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.

"This study shows the importance of so-called non-cognitive' or soft skills in contributing to children's positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,"said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Fami

And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.

Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.

In the beginning of the movie I, Robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water— Del Spooner or a child.

Last year, a child was born at a hospital in the UK with her heart outside her body.

Now Jennet has quit work and their first child is on the way.

Perhaps a policy to meet funeral expenses would be sufficient for the young child.

Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child under nutrition.

Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.

similarly, Alison Jamison of New York decided with her husband that their child had a right to their own online identity.

So that's not a good atmosphere for a child.

Sometimes a young child may get overexcited and be a little too rough, but it's never a serious matter.

The Child Poverty Action Group says 9 out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line.

The death of a small child would have no effect upon the income of the family.

What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one.

When considering the amount of insurance for the mother with dependent children, substitute child care is a need that should be planned for until the children can care for themselves.