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Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Bacteria are carried by various 'media', which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing (打喷嚏).
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers (清洁剂) and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean, Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers (清洁剂) and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% of bacteria were.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles (瓷砖) and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds,and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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Hands, foods and utensils can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands frequently.
2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A
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It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn't report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn't depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface——whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
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When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B